This is the problem in places that never freeze; people often use water as their coolant. While it may work OK it will cause all sorts of corrosion if proper additives are not used. Anti freeze has all of these additives and in places where it does freeze, like around here, it takes care of most of these problems. I say '' most '' because lack of change outs over time will lead to the same problems as using straight water.
If you are really concerned, I would remove the cylinder head and have a look. Any corrosion can be ground out, new metal welded in, new water inserts installed, and the head can be milled flat. All of this will be a lot of work so you need to be sure the head is worth saving first if it has any damage.