The parts diagram shows the water pipe around the air intake, and that is the earlier configuration. The later car air intake fitting as shown in the picture in question is a later car. I have posted a picture of my car (later 280 SL) with the same configuration as you indicate for the mystery piece. The "y pipe" two fittings orient to head to the air intake pipe, to the right of the car. The hose from the single pipe on the y pipe is a goofy thing that is different sized on each end, the larger going to the thermostat fitting and the smaller to the single end of the y pipe.
The diagram is a little disorienting. Part 151 is on the left side of the engine and is the later style configuration for the water hose to the heater. The ypipe, although shown adjacent to 151 in the drawing is really on the other side by the air filter housing.
(Part 145 is the earlier style pod that houses the thermo time switch on the earlier engines.)
Hose 359 (with the part numbers as Naj has listed) connects to the water pipe on the air intake housing.