Hi Ed,
My tank (built 1/69) is the black-painted brass one--but HDPE or LDPE plastic tanks are probably the same material as the brake fluid reservoirs. If so, unlikely to restore it. The plastic changes over time with heat and with the fluid containment. It also "outgasses" the plasticizers that add some resiliancy to the material--which leads to cracks at stress points. I don't believe anyone has found anything that will bring this plastic back to it like-new white condition. Tom Sargeant of our group even soaked his brake fluid tank in a chlorine solution for many months with no apparent change in color.
I can't help you on the next three questions--it seems as if you have done your homework and found that YES a new tank is available and NO it isn't reasonable in price, and PROBABLY the one part number has been changed to plastic. There are many parts I have bought over the past few years from MB that are only available in the latest style and in some cases this isn't correct. For example, the auto transmission filler/dipstick tube WAS yellow CAD plated, now painted black. Brake fluid reservoir WAS straight, NOW sits at an angle. Brake booster vacuum line WAS fitted with a black check valve, now white. Fuel expansion tank WAS with brass fittings, now all plastic. It goes on and on... Mercedes is more concerned with providing a working part then with pristine correctness.
If $500+ is the target price, perhaps you could investigate having this tank fabricated in brass; you'd need someone with a "donor tank" to lend you. Here's a few places from my research list to start:
http://www.ifmetalworks.com/ Custom Brass Fabrication
http://www.allradiator.com/ Supplier of Radiator Parts--might point you to a fabricator of brass tanks
http://www.macsradiator.com/index.asp Custom/Vintage Radiator Fab
http://www.calwest-radiators.com/default.html Custom/Vintage Fab
Hope this helps. I don't know if the older brass tank crossed over to other MB models--it probably did--and in that case there are probably a lot of old sedans out there rusting in the fields (you who have the fields of them know who you are
that have a tank you could purchase OR at least one you could borrow for fab purposes.
Michael Salemi
1969 280SL
Signal Red w/Black Leather
Restored