Take a look at the drawing here, it should make it clear how to install the radio:
http://www.sl113.org/wiki/uploads/Electrical/RdoMtg230r.jpgAlso read the removal instructions above this picture; as always, installation is the reverse.
You don't use the side brackets because the radio is attached to the front cover plate. But there is a bracket in the back that also serves as a ground.
Technical manual:
Speaker removal on 230SLSome very early 230 SL’s do not have the two Phillips screws for the wood cover. In these cars there are two small metal rods attached to the speaker grille which fit into clamps in the dash.
Very carefully lift the rods with a flat screw driver from the sides. Can you post a photo showing your brackets that attach the amplifier? If it is a piggyback arrangement you may have to fiddle with it and try to get both units installed from the front through the opening.