Maybe we (I) need a lesson in the refining process
There is plenty written on the topic in many locations, from many sources on the internet to complex engineering treatises at your local library. From what has been told to me by those in the business, there is a little swing in what you can do with the process, but it you look at a typical "barrel" of crude oil, in the USA in 2015, the 42-gallon barrel of crude yielded approximately 19 gallons of gasoline, 12 gallons of ULSD (which can be heating oil or diesel, they are essentially the same product), 4 gallons of kerosene (Jet-A; jet fuel). That leaves 7 other gallons, which is refined into a variety of products such as residual oil (bunker fuel); gases such as propane/LPG/propylene. Of course, there are other products such as butane, and solvents such as benzene; petroleum coke (pet coke); asphalt, tar, paraffin, naphtha, and related.
From what I've been told, the yield can vary from plant to plant, with low losses and high yield from efficient refineries. Also, they can swing the mix a bit, but you cannot, for example, forgo those 19 gallons of gasoline and suddenly have your refinery yield 31 gallons of ULSD out of that barrel; it isn't possible. That's my point--we cannot in the USA suddenly behave like Europe where 50% of the cars are running diesel. If something like that were to happen, what you'd see is that old economic principle come into play--supply and demand. The demand for ULSD would skyrocket, the supplies would be limited, and gasoline would be sinking to low price levels. The northeast USA, which heats with fuel oil more so than other parts of the USA, would scream, and the government would get involved...another mess. BTW, in 2015, over 140 billion gallons of gasoline were consumed in the United States. Make no mistake--we can't switch all that or even a large proportion of that to diesel.
My own opinion is that diesel in the USA will remain as it is; essential for industrial engines and equipment; essential for the trucking industry, and a small niche player in passenger cars. We couldn't find enough diesel or refine enough for any other scenario, neglecting other factors such as the increased cost of diesel engines, time for payback and more.
The VW scandal only subtracts from the remote probability of diesel gaining any kind of foothold in the USA.