Not surprising Joe is the winner and I learned everything I know from his knowledge here over the years. The starting solenoid puts the IP into full rich position and typically only during starting. There are three different versions of the fuel injection starting systems that were incorporated during W113 production. Because of that, I am not sure exactly which version you have and the specifics of that. The different starting systems and descriptions how they work are the tech manual.
With the early pumps, the rear compartment has its own oil reservoir and why the dipstick is there. It also has pressurized oil from the engine, but that is only on the front portion where the pistons are. The later pumps are fully fed by engine oil and do not have the separate reservoir in the rear. The early pumps do require occasional oil changes for the rear reservoir.